論点整理（海外の法律関係）

FEDERAL RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE
Rule 23.1. Derivative Actions
代表訴訟

(a) PREREQUISITES. This rule applies when one or more shareholders or members of a corporation or an unincorporated association bring a derivative action to enforce a right that the corporation or association may properly assert but has failed to enforce.

The derivative action may not be maintained if it appears that the plaintiff does not fairly and adequately represent the interests of shareholders or members who are similarly situated in enforcing the right of the corporation or association. 

(b) PLEADING REQUIREMENTS.
The complaint must be verified and must:
訴状は、立証され、

(1) allege that the plaintiff was a shareholder or member at the time of the transaction complained of, or that the plaintiff’s share or membership later devolved on it by operation of law;
(2) allege that the action is not a collusive one to confer jurisdiction that the court would otherwise lack; and

(3) state with particularity:
詳細に記載しなければならない
(A) any effort by the plaintiff to obtain the desired action from the directors or comparable authority and, ifnecessary, from the shareholders or members; and
取締役か類似の役職、及び、もし必要なら、株主又はメンバーによる望ましい行動を得るための原告の努力、及び

(B) the reasons for not obtaining the action or not making the effort.
行動を得ておらず又は努力していない場合、その理由

(c) SETTLEMENT, DISMISSAL, AND COMPROMISE. A derivative action may be settled, voluntarily dismissed, or compromised only with the court’s approval. Notice of a proposed settlement, voluntary dismissal, or compromise must be given to shareholders or members in the manner that the court orders.(As added Feb. 28, 1966, eff. July 1, 1966; amended Mar. 2, 1987, eff. Aug. 1, 1987; Apr. 30, 2007, eff. Dec. 1, 2007.)